必(bi)須(xu)選擇有相應資質和能(neng)力(li)的試驗(yan)室進行配合比(bi)(bi)設計，水泥用量(liang)≥300kg/m3，砂率宜(yi)為(wei)35~45％，水灰比(bi)(bi)≤O.55，入泵(beng)坍落度(du)不宜(yi)大(da)于(yu)180mm。 采用商(shang)品砼(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)須(xu)考(kao)慮路(lu)途(tu)遠近及道路(lu)運輸狀況，適當延長(chang)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)的初凝時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，避免澆筑(zhu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)出(chu)現冷縫(feng)，并(bing)推遲水泥水化熱峰(feng)值出(chu)現時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，減小溫(wen)度(du)裂縫(feng)。泵(beng)送砼(tong)(tong)(tong)還應考(kao)慮在砼(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)摻入泵(beng)送劑，增加砼(tong)(tong)(tong)的潤滑性能(neng)。 

管(guan)(guan)道(dao)處(chu)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)忽視，原施工單位工人責(ze)任不強，對(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)封(feng)(feng)堵(du)并沒有使用(yong)防(fang)水(shui)堵(du)漏(lou)砂(sha)漿進(jin)行封(feng)(feng)堵(du)，往(wang)往(wang)和稀泥方式進(jin)行填堵(du)，需認真檢查每條(tiao)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)封(feng)(feng)堵(du)情況，鑿開原封(feng)(feng)堵(du)查看重新進(jin)行封(feng)(feng)堵(du)，此處(chu)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)漏(lou)水(shui)。防(fang)水(shui)施工之前必(bi)須對(dui)(dui)原地(di)面清理并用(yong)砂(sha)漿找平，盡量(liang)做到干凈整潔。坑坑洼洼浪費材料且(qie)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)刷不到位導致漏(lou)水(shui)。不同方位交替刷三遍(bian)。

滲漏多發(fa)生在穿(chuan)過樓層的管(guan)根(gen)、地漏、衛生潔具及陰陽角(jiao)等(deng)部(bu)位，原因是(shi)管(guan)根(gen)、地漏等(deng)部(bu)位松動、粘接不牢、涂(tu)刷不嚴密(mi)或防(fang)水(shui)層局(ju)部(bu)損壞、部(bu)件搭接長度不夠所造(zao)成.這(zhe)些邊(bian)邊(bian)角(jiao)角(jiao)是(shi)容易出現滲漏的地方(fang)，要注意薄弱部(bu)位細部(bu)節點的施工，防(fang)水(shui)涂(tu)料一定要涂(tu)抹到位。

大連防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)程基礎底板防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)為兩道，采用(yong)(yong)卷(juan)材—涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)相結(jie)(jie)合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)案(an)。卷(juan)材采用(yong)(yong)1.5㎜厚(hou)三(san)元乙丙橡膠防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)采用(yong)(yong)2㎜厚(hou)聚(ju)(ju)氨脂防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)。地(di)下室外(wai)圍護(hu)結(jie)(jie)構除地(di)下室外(wai)墻(qiang)抗(kang)滲砼結(jie)(jie)構自防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)外(wai)，同樣兩道防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)，采用(yong)(yong)卷(juan)材—涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)相結(jie)(jie)合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)案(an),卷(juan)材采用(yong)(yong)1.5㎜厚(hou)三(san)元乙丙橡膠防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材, 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)采用(yong)(yong)2㎜厚(hou)聚(ju)(ju)氨脂防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)保護(hu)層(ceng)采用(yong)(yong)40厚(hou)聚(ju)(ju)苯板。側墻(qiang)保護(hu)層(ceng)以(yi)外(wai)開挖1米(mi)以(yi)內采用(yong)(yong)2：8灰土分層(ceng)夯實回(hui)填(tian)。壓實系數>0.95。

在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)片(pian)(pian)生產(chan)(chan)中，通過合理的(de)(de)配合比設(she)計(ji)、規(gui)范的(de)(de)材料選購(gou)、嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)控制(zhi)和檢(jian)(jian)測等措施來確保管(guan)(guan)(guan)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)抗(kang)滲性(xing)能(neng)。本工程襯砌混凝土采用強度(du)為C50的(de)(de)高強砼，其抗(kang)滲等級(ji)1.0MPa.管(guan)(guan)(guan)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)抗(kang)滲和檢(jian)(jian)漏(lou)標準：在(zai)0.8MPa水壓力(li)作用下，恒壓3小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，滲透深度(du)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)5cm。管(guan)(guan)(guan)片(pian)(pian)在(zai)預(yu)制(zhi)廠制(zhi)作時(shi)(shi)防水檢(jian)(jian)查和檢(jian)(jian)測的(de)(de)內容主要有：砼的(de)(de)抗(kang)滲強度(du)報告、管(guan)(guan)(guan)片(pian)(pian)檢(jian)(jian)漏(lou)試驗報告、管(guan)(guan)(guan)片(pian)(pian)砼的(de)(de)外(wai)觀(guan)檢(jian)(jian)查、管(guan)(guan)(guan)片(pian)(pian)成環拼裝精度(du)、單塊管(guan)(guan)(guan)片(pian)(pian)成型精度(du)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)外(wai)觀(guan)檢(jian)(jian)查除一般要求內實(shi)外(wai)光外(wai)，尤(you)其是檢(jian)(jian)查嵌縫條槽(cao)口處砼的(de)(de)外(wai)觀(guan)：有否氣(qi)孔及小(xiao)(xiao)蜂(feng)窩現象。