建筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)防水(shui)是百年大計，建筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)滲(shen)水(shui)、漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)問題(ti)，情節輕(qing)的(de)(de)會影響(xiang)美觀(guan)；或(huo)者造成墻面、里(li)面家(jia)具等的(de)(de)霉壞，造成經濟損(sun)失；稍嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)，還(huan)會造成房屋(wu)垮塌、電短路導致(zhi)火災，造成較大的(de)(de)經濟損(sun)失；嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問題(ti)會導致(zhi)巨大損(sun)失，甚至會造成人命傷亡。

當卷材防水層(ceng)上(shang)有(you)重物覆蓋或(huo)(huo)基層(ceng)變形較大時，應優先采用(yong)空(kong)鋪(pu)法(fa)(fa)、點粘(zhan)法(fa)(fa)、條(tiao)粘(zhan)法(fa)(fa)或(huo)(huo)機械固(gu)定法(fa)(fa)，但(dan)距(ju)屋面周邊800mm內以及(ji)疊層(ceng)鋪(pu)貼的(de)各(ge)層(ceng)之間應滿粘(zhan)；當防水層(ceng)采取滿粘(zhan)法(fa)(fa)施工時，找平層(ceng)的(de)分(fen)隔縫處宜(yi)空(kong)鋪(pu)，空(kong)鋪(pu)的(de)寬度宜(yi)為100mm。

建筑防水工程等級

地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)防水工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)包括工(gong)業與民用地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、防護工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、隧道(dao)及地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)鐵道(dao)等建(jian)筑物的工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)體(ti)。地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)長期受地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水或處于地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水的包圍之中(zhong)，防水措施沒做好容易出現滲漏影響(xiang)地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)體(ti)的使用，在(zai)地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)防水工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設中(zhong)需遵循防、排、截(jie)、堵相結合(he)(he)，因(yin)地(di)制宜(yi)，綜(zong)合(he)(he)治理。根(gen)據《地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)防水技(ji)術規(gui)范》(GB50108-2008)規(gui)定將地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的防水等級劃分(fen)為4個等級。

工業與民(min)用建筑：濕(shi)漬總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不大于(yu)總防水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)（包括(kuo)頂板、墻面(mian)(mian)、地面(mian)(mian)）的0.1%，單個(ge)濕(shi)漬面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不大于(yu)0.1㎡，任意100㎡防水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不超(chao)過2處；其他地下工程：濕(shi)漬總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不大于(yu)防水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的0.2%，單個(ge)濕(shi)漬面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不大于(yu)0.2㎡，任意100㎡防水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不超(chao)過3處；其中隧道工程還要(yao)求平均滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)不大于(yu)0.05L/(㎡·d)。

卷材(cai)防水常用的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有(you)熱粘(zhan)法、熱熔法、自(zi)粘(zhan)法、機(ji)械固定法、埋置法等等。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中應檢(jian)查承包(bao)單位嚴格(ge)按照施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)標準等施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)范(fan)要(yao)求、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)，鋪貼方向、兩幅(fu)卷材(cai)和卷材(cai)層與層間，基搭接的寬(kuan)度與長度要(yao)符(fu)合要(yao)求。