這些關于防水(shui)施工的小(xiao)細節你一定要記好

    衛(wei)浴(yu)和(he)(he)廚房中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)，有(you)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)細節(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方尤(you)其值得注意——這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)觸較(jiao)多(duo)，大連防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)又容易被忽視，例(li)如地(di)(di)(di)(di)漏(lou)、小水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管和(he)(he)樓(lou)板銜接(jie)(jie)部位(wei)、馬桶管道等(deng)，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)衛(wei)生(sheng)間中(zhong)容易漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部位(wei)，需(xu)要(yao)重點(dian)刷(shua)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)尤(you)其需(xu)要(yao)精工(gong)(gong)(gong)細造(zao)，避(bi)免出現偷工(gong)(gong)(gong)減料。防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)直接(jie)(jie)影(ying)響家中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，涂刷(shua)層數需(xu)要(yao)重點(dian)保證。衛(wei)生(sheng)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)般需(xu)要(yao)刷(shua)2—3次，要(yao)等(deng)第一(yi)(yi)次干了再(zai)刷(shua)第二(er)次，衛(wei)浴(yu)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(返(fan)高(gao)不低于1.8米或滿做(zuo))，廚房、陽臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(返(fan)高(gao)不低于0.3米)，一(yi)(yi)樓(lou)住(zhu)宅的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(返(fan)高(gao)0.3米)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下室的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)所有(you)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)都(dou)應(ying)進行防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、防(fang)潮處理(li)。衛(wei)浴(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)成后(hou)，需(xu)要(yao)進行閉(bi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)試驗，通過維(wei)持一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)狀(zhuang)態，來(lai)檢查地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)出現滲漏(lou)現象。在閉(bi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之前，首先要(yao)將(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)漏(lou)等(deng)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點(dian)、門檻部位(wei)堵住(zhu)，防(fang)止開始蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)從這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)部位(wei)流(liu)出。堵住(zhu)后(hou)放水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)需(xu)達2cm以上，試驗至少24小時(shi)(冬天至少48小時(shi))，在這(zhe)段時(shi)間內觀察(cha)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)明(ming)顯(xian)下降，特(te)別要(yao)檢查樓(lou)下衛(wei)浴(yu)間頂部是(shi)(shi)否(fou)發生(sheng)滲漏(lou)。如果試驗不合(he)格，需(xu)要(yao)重新再(zai)做(zuo)一(yi)(yi)次防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。

    隨著現代工業和(he)(he)(he)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝(ning)土材料的(de)發展，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)多層(ceng)、高層(ceng)建筑的(de)興建，在(zai)房(fang)屋建筑中已較(jiao)多采用(yong)平(ping)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)結構形(xing)(xing)式。平(ping)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)特點(dian)是：屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)結構簡(jian)單，可以(yi)(yi)有效利用(yong)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)安裝各種設(she)施及(ji)供人們工作、活動(dong)。但防(fang)水(shui)(shui)存在(zai)以(yi)(yi)下一些(xie)(xie)不(bu)利條件：因為(wei)在(zai)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)度較(jiao)小，排(pai)水(shui)(shui)不(bu)暢時易(yi)造(zao)成局(ju)部(bu)積水(shui)(shui)，引(yin)起防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)損壞，發生滲(shen)漏；構造(zao)節點(dian)部(bu)位較(jiao)多，如處(chu)理不(bu)當，常在(zai)這些(xie)(xie)部(bu)位發生滲(shen)漏；混凝(ning)土結構層(ceng)力學變形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)溫(wen)度的(de)應力對防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)影響，極易(yi)導(dao)致防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)產(chan)生裂縫而引(yin)起滲(shen)漏。因此(ci)，平(ping)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)結構層(ceng)以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)現澆(jiao)整體鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝(ning)土為(wei)宜(yi)。拱(gong)形(xing)(xing)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)主要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)大跨(kua)度公共建筑和(he)(he)(he)倉庫建筑等，其結構特點(dian)和(he)(he)(he)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)功能與坡(po)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)基本相同。但在(zai)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)構造(zao)層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)處(chu)理和(he)(he)(he)保溫(wen)隔(ge)熱層(ceng)設(she)置(zhi)等方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)高于(yu)(yu)坡(po)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。